The sponge city approach to stormwater management: green infrastructure and aquatic plant installations in Neighborhood No. 17, Durrës
Intensive urbanization, surface impermeabilization, and the impacts of climate change have significantly increased stormwater management challenges in Albanian cities. The city of Durrës, particularly Neigh- borhood No. 17, faces frequent urban flooding, overburdened drainage systems, degradation of public spaces, and loss of urban ecological potential. Traditional stormwater systems based solely on grey infra- structure are no longer sufficient to cope with extreme rainfall events. The Sponge City concept represents an innovative and scientifically validated approach to sustainable stormwater management by integrating green infrastructure, aquatic plant installations, and na- ture-based solutions. Implementing this concept in Neighborhood No. 17 is crucial not only for flood risk reduction but also for enhancing environmental quality, urban biodiversity, and climate resilience.
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Geostatistical modeling of porosity for CO₂ storage assessment in a reservoir
This study presents a geostatistical analysis of porosity in a reservoir, aiming to understand its spatial distribution within the study area and to evaluate its potential for CO₂ storage applications. Descrip- tive statistical analysis and histograms were used to assess the characteristics of data distribution and their suitability for geostatistical modeling. An experimental variogram was constructed and fitted with a spherical theoretical model to describe the spatial correlation structure. Ordinary kriging was applied to estimate porosity and to generate spatial distribution maps, while kriging variance and Gaussian sequen- tial simulation were used to evaluate spatial uncertainty. The resulting porosity model was subsequently employed to simulate CO₂ storage under different injection configurations over a three-year period. The results indicate a well-defined spatial correlation structure, reliable porosity estimation, and a meaningful uncertainty analysis, providing a solid basis for reservoir evaluation and the feasibility of CO₂ storage.
Volatility modeling and value at risk analysis of the ALL/EUR exchange rate
This study estimates exchange rate risk between the Albanian Lek (ALL) and the Euro (EUR) using a GARCH(1,1) model and Value at Risk (VaR). Monthly data from January 2012 to October 2024 are used to model time-varying volatility in exchange rate returns. VaR is computed at the 95% and 99% confi - dence levels based on the conditional mean and variance. The results show strong volatility persistence, indicating continued exchange rate risk for EUR-denominated assets. Increased uncertainty from mone- tary policy shifts, geopolitical factors, and pandemic-related inflation has raised downside risk. Although estimated losses are moderate, they remain economically significant, highlighting the need for effective exchange rate risk management.
Geostatistical modeling of permeability and application to geothermal reservoir simulation
This study employs a geostatistical methodological approach to evaluate the permeability of the reservoir, which is first analyzed through statistical characterization, experimental variogram construction, and theoretical model fitting to establish the continuity and variability of the formation. Ordinary kriging is applied to generate deterministic permeability estimates, while Sequential Gaussian Simulation is used to produce stochastic realizations that capture the intrinsic heterogeneity of the geological medium. These geostatistical results provide the permeability inputs required for the subsequent thermal reservoir simulation. The permeability fields obtained from SGeMS were incorporated into a geothermal reservoir model developed in OPM Flow, representing a configuration of injection and production wells. In this stage of the study, the primary focus is the evolution of temperature within the reservoir, particularly the thermal front propagation between the injector and producer wells over long-t erm operation. Post-processing and visualization were conducted in ReInsight. The integrated workflow demonstrates the value of combinin g geostatistical modeling with thermal reservoir simulation to better assess formation heterogeneity, predict temperature distribution over time, and support data-driven decision- making in reservoir management.
Textiles and folk clothes – a distinctive part of ethnoculture
The facts of various studies on textiles, clothes, garments, bedding and covers always come according to a stage that involves codifications in social, historical, customary levels and from century to century not only a diversity but also a permanent continuity is created in these garments. Thus, the linguistic, psychological, geographical aspect gives us and conveys a lot of data that intertwine and create connections sometimes visible and sometimes invisible between them. The aesthetic expressions of folk costume always bring that thought of how these clothes have carried the desire for a better, more beautiful life in the conditions of everyday life and survival. Folk applied arts must be constantly studied for what they bring, the great variety of colors and at the same time the diverse motifs that express in themselves a rich world. It is of interest to see this wealth, their typology and artistic structure. Clothing has been important to the Albanian, and if we refer to traditions, he dressed his house, his friend's room, as best as possible. If we see with our mind's eye a traditional Albanian guest room, from an ethnographic point of view we encounter careful work in woodwork, ceilings, doors, windows, shelves on the wall next to the fireplace, as well as carpets and other bedding that indicate a refined artistic taste. Likewise, the artistic motifs were extremely beautiful and full of expressions of different figures that inspired spiritual peace in the friend and brought a pleasant atmosphere. The variety of shapes, colors, connected and disconnected between them brought this and expressed all that fantasy that went into a mobile perfection. Thus, the bedding and covers, or the various coverings of walls and domestic environments, are also related to a living space that is as comfortable, cozy, and aesthetic as possible, and always brought to certain spiritual functions that constituted a silent and enlightened aristocracy of the mountaineer ethnos. Likewise, clothing, bedding, and blankets have come from an old tradition, but they have also witnessed different social and economic conditions, the different movements and spaces of these movements, the different influences as a result of the invasions and migrations that the population has made to other areas of Albania or among other peoples.
Exploring the protective effects of botanical antioxidants against UV-induced skin damage
The concept of systemic photoprotection through dietary means is gaining attention. The skin is continu- ously exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, a primary cause of skin disorders such as sunburn, photodam- age, and nonmelanoma skin cancer. Solar UV radiation initiates photo-oxidative reactions that impair antioxidant defenses and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the skin. When ROS generation overwhelms the skin’s antioxidant capacity, the ability to counteract damage is compromised. Excessive UV exposure, particularly UVB, leads to skin disorders including erythema, edema, inflammation, hyper- pigmentation, immunosuppression, skin cancers, and photoaging. To mitigate these effects, antioxidants can be administered through dietary sources, a process known as photochemoprevention. This study employed observational approaches to evaluate the protective effects of selected botanical antioxidants against UV-induced skin damage in individuals with varying dietary habits.
Implant surgical treatments in compromised patients
Implant surgical treatments represent one of the most advanced and effective solutions for restoring oral function and aesthetics. However, the application of implant surgical treatments in compromised patients presents special clinical challenges due to systemic conditions that may affect the osseointegration pro - cess and oral soft tissue healing. Factors such as diabetes, osteoporosis, smoking, cardiovascular disease or immunosuppressive drug therapy may limit the success of the treatment in the absence of careful plan- ning and personalized surgical protocol. The modern approach to implantology emphasizes the impor - tance of multidisciplinary patient assessment, careful selection of biomimetic materials and the application of atraumatic techniques that minimize the risk of complications. This paper presents a clinical case of implant surgical treatment in a compromised patient, emphasizing the importance of careful management before, during and after the intervention to achieve long-term results.
Medical emergencies in dentistry: recognition, prevention, and management
Medical emergencies in dental practice, although relatively uncommon, present significant challenges and risks for both patients and clinicians. Outcomes depend on early recognition, prevention, and prompt, well-coordinated intervention. This chapter provides a comprehensive, academically structured, and clin- ically grounded overview of the most common medical emergencies encountered in dental settings. Em- phasis is placed on pathophysiology, epidemiology, signs and symptoms, prevention strategies, manage- ment protocols, and the essential pharmacological agents required for dental emergency preparedness. The chapter synthesizes evidence-based guidelines and current best practices, serving as an educational resource suitable for dental students, practitioners, and academic instruction.
Comparative analysis of health technology assessment and health economic evaluations in Western Balkan countries versus Albania
Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and health economic evaluations are key instruments for evi - dence-based decision making in health systems facing increasing budgetary pressure. HTA supports transparent and rational allocation of limited resources by assessing the clinical, economic, ethical and social value of health technologies. This paper compares the development and practical use of HTA and health economic evaluations in Western Balkan countries and Albania. A narrative review of World Health Organization (WHO) reports and peer-reviewed studies was conducted. Results show that Serbia and Croatia have established early legal and institutional frameworks for HTA, while Bosnia and Herze- govina recognizes HTA in legislation but lacks functional implementation structures. Across the region, health economic evaluations are mainly applied in reimbursement decisions for medicines but are rarely used systematically in broader health policy. Albania remains at the earliest stage of HTA development, with no formal national HTA agency and limited use of standardized economic evaluations. The findings highlight major gaps in institutional capacity, legal frameworks and data availability. Strengthening HTA structures, harmonizing evaluation standards and promoting regional cooperation could significantly im- prove transparency, efficiency and equity of health spending decisions. The study concludes that Albania lags behind neighboring countries in formal HTA implementation and requires urgent policy action to align with European standards.
Dental agenesis: diagnosis, etiology, and orthodontic management
Dental agenesis is the congenital absence of one or more teeth, occurring in deciduous or permanent teeth, most frequently observed in the daily practice of the dentist, but with low prevalence in our country. Aim and purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the orthodontic practices followed in the management of cases with dental agenesis at the UFO University Clinic, Albanian University, Tirana. Methodology: Data were collected through clinical charts, photographs and radiographs in 2023-2024. Results: After completing the treatment with the combined McNamara expander and FaceMask and ChinCap appliance, a moderate improvement in skeletal and occlusal relationships was achieved. The transverse expansion of the maxilla was successful, with an increase in palatal width of about 3 mm, reducing the discrepancy between the jaws. It was noted that a slight tendency of class III malocclusion remained due to the irregular use of extraoral elastics by the patient. Conclusions: The use of functional appliances in the first phase and fixed appliances in the final phase provides a more complete and balanced treatment in both skeletal and dental aspects for dental agenesis.
Maxillary canine impaction remains one of the most clinically significant challenges in orthodontics be - cause of its strong aesthetic, functional, and biomechanical implications. This review discusses the prev- alence and causes of canine impaction, the diagnostic methods available, the assessment of related risks, and the various treatment options used in practice. It also explores surgical exposure techniques, ortho - dontic traction mechanics, and the possible complications that can arise during treatment. Evidence-based protocols and clinical decision-making guidelines are included to support consistent and favorable long- term outcomes.
Preeclampsia: biomarkers and predictive strategies — a literature review (2015–2025)
Background: Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality world - wide. Early identification of high-risk pregnancies remains challenging, prompting the development of serum and imaging biomarkers for prediction and prevention. Objective: To summarize evidence published between 2015 and 2025 on biomarkers for prediction of preeclampsia and evaluate preventive strategies recommended by FIGO and ACOG. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science da - tabases. Prospective studies, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and international guidelines published between 2015 and 2025 were included. Results: The soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 to placental growth factor ratio (sFlt-1/PlGF) demonstrat- ed strong predictive accuracy for preeclampsia, particularly in mid-to-late gestation. Additional biomark- ers, including angiopoietins and inflammatory cytokines, improved risk stratification when combined with maternal clinical factors. Uterine artery Doppler and emerging imaging modalities enhanced detec- tion of placental dysfunction. Preventive strategies such as early low-dose aspirin initiation, risk-factor modification, and close blood pressure monitoring reduced disease incidence and adverse outcomes. Conclusion: Integration of serum and imaging biomarkers with guideline-based preventive protocols improves early prediction and management of preeclampsia. Further research is required to standardize biomarker thresholds and expand implementation in diverse clinical settings.
Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescence in Albania: diagnostic uncertainty and the risk of overdiagnosis
Background: Diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) during adolescence is inherently challeng- ing due to the overlap between normal pubertal physiology and pathological features of the syndrome. In Albania, the absence of adolescent-specific national guidelines and limited access to specialized multidis- ciplinary services may further increase diagnostic uncertainty and the risk of overdiagnosis. Objective: To critically examine diagnostic practices for adolescent PCOS in Albania and to propose pragmatic, evidence-based management strategies aimed at minimizing overdiagnosis while ensuring timely intervention for adolescents at genuine risk. Methods: This narrative, clinically based analysis integrates data from adolescents aged 11–19 years evaluated for suspected PCOS in Albanian healthcare settings, combined with contemporary internation- al evidence. Diagnostic criteria, treatment decisions, and follow-up outcomes were analyzed through a multidisciplinary clinical lens. Results: Menstrual irregularities and hyperandrogenic symptoms were common in early adolescence but often transient. Application of adult diagnostic criteria led to premature PCOS labeling in a subset of pa- tients. Lifestyle-focused management and longitudinal reassessment resulted in symptom resolution for many adolescents without the need for pharmacological therapy. Conclusion: A cautious, developmentally informed approach to adolescent PCOS is essential in Albania. Emphasizing diagnostic restraint, timely follow-up, and lifestyle-centered care can reduce overdiagnosis and the associated psychosocial burden.
Distalization of maxillary molars using Pendulum and Fast Back appliances: clinical cases
Distalization of molars is a fundamental orthodontic technique for creating space, correcting dental occlu- sion, crowding, and Class II malocclusion. The article reviews the use of fixed orthodontic appliances of the Pendulum and Fast Back types for distalization of maxillary molars. Two clinical cases illustrate the effectiveness of these appliances in creating space and improving dental relationships. The results show that both appliances provide successful treatment, while the choice of appliance should be based on the individual needs of the patient.
The integration of simulation in nursing education
Contemporary nursing education requires the adoption of innovative and effective teaching methods that support the development of clinical skills, critical thinking, and patient safety. Simulation is a widely used educational approach in nursing that enhances and complements traditional teaching methods. The aim of this article is to examine the integration of simulation into nursing education, its impact on students’ professional preparation, and to provide practical recommendations for initiating and incorporating sim- ulation into the nursing curriculum. The methodology is based on a review of current scientific litera - ture. The findings indicate that simulation improves clinical skills, enhances self-confidence, strengthens communication abilities, and reduces errors in clinical practice. In conclusion, simulation represents an essential component of modern nursing education.
Orthopedic maxillary expansion in an adolescent patient with transverse maxillary deficiency: a case report
Transverse maxillary deficiency is a common skeletal condition observed during adolescence and is of - ten associated with occlusal and functional disturbances. Orthopedic maxillary expansion represents an effective treatment modality during the growth period, allowing skeletal correction and functional im - provement. This case report presents the orthodontic treatment of an adolescent female patient diagnosed with trans- verse maxillary deficiency, deep bite, and a hyperdivergent growth pattern. Treatment included orthopedic maxillary expansion followed by fixed orthodontic therapy. Clinical results demonstrated stable maxillary expansion, improved occlusion, and satisfactory functional outcomes, confirming the effectiveness of this therapeutic approach during adolescence.
Piezoelectric surgery in the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars
The extraction of impacted third molars (commonly known as “wisdom teeth”) represents one of the most frequent procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Traditional extraction methods, including the use of elevators, chisels, and rotary burs, are often associated with significant postoperative pain, edema, trismus (difficulty in mouth opening), injury to the inferior alveolar nerve, and infections. Piezoelectric surgery, a technology based on selective ultrasonic vibrations, has emerged over the last decade as a valuable alternative. This scientific article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the basic principles of piezosurgery, its clinical application protocol in third molar extraction, its advantages and limitations, as well as a review of data from recent studies. Available evidence suggests that piezosurgery, although associated with slightly longer operative times, significantly reduces postoperative complications, improves surgical precision, and offers a better patient experience, making it particularly valuable in complex cases and in proximity to critical anatomical structures.
Assessment of workplace stress factors among nurses in hospital environments
Workplace stress represents a significant challenge for healthcare workers, negatively aff ecting their physical and mental well-being as well as the quality of patient care. Identifying the main causes of stress is essential to developing eff ective management strategies in hospital settings. This quantitative study surveyed 140 nurses across various hospital departments (emergency, surgery, intensive care, and internal medicine) using a structured, anonymous questionnaire. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and graphical methods to identify the most frequent and impactful stress factors. Findings revealed that high workload, lack of support from colleagues and management, and inadequate working conditions were the primary sources of stress among nurses. Notably, nurses in emergency and intensive care units experienced the highest levels of stress. The study confirms that workplace stress is a prevalent and serious issue in hospital environments, especially in high-intensity departments. Sustainable, well-de - signed interventions are necessary to improve healthcare workers’ well-being and ensure the delivery of high-quality patient care in healthcare institutions.
Quality of life in older age: a psychological review of mental health dimensions
Quality of life in older age is one of the most important indicators of well-being and psychological func- tioning in older adults. With the increase in life expectancy and the ageing of the population, attention to the psychological factors that influence the experience of this stage of life has increased significantly. This article analyses the scientific literature on quality of life in older age, with a special focus on the dimensions of mental health and psychological well-being. The literature review examines the role of depression, anxiety, emotional functioning, social support, and coping mechanisms in shaping quality of life. The findings show that perceptions, emotional well-being, and psychological resources have a stron- ger influence on the quality of life of older adults than their objective physical health. Mental well-being, a sense of meaning, and personal autonomy, together with social support, are consistently associated with higher levels of quality of life in older age. In this context, the article emphasizes the need to integrate psychological interventions within a biopsychosocial approach to the care of older adults.
Orthopedic maxillary expansion in young adults: a case report
This case report presents the orthodontic management of a 20-year-old male patient diagnosed with severe maxillary constriction, anterior open bite, and dental crowding. Treatment was performed using Mini screw-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE) in combination with fixed orthodontic therapy. A digital workflow was used to design and manufacture the skeletally anchored expansion appliance as well as the placement guides, increasing accuracy and predictability of the outcome. Clinical and radiographic evaluations, including panoramic imaging and CBCT, confirmed orthopedic maxillary expansion, successful alignment and leveling of the dentition, intrusion of the lateral segments, and correction of the anterior open bite. This case demonstrates the clinical effectiveness of MARPE and digitally guided orthodontic approaches in young adult patients, offering a valid alternative to traditional methods when skeletal maturation limits their effectiveness.
Combined orthodontic and surgical approaches in the treatment of impacted teeth
Impacted teeth are one of the most complex challenges in orthodontics, requiring accurate three-dimen- sional diagnosis and careful biomechanical planning. Aim and purpose: To review and analyze orthodontic strategies for the management of impacted teeth in children and adults, including biomechanical, surgical approaches and combinations of fixed and re- movable appliances, to ensure controlled, functional and aesthetic eruption. Methodology: A clinical analysis of an orthodontic case with impacted teeth, treated with advanced orthodontic and surgical protocols, was performed in the Albanian University, dental clinic. Also, a liter- ature review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 protocol, including searches in international scientific databases such as: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science for the period 2015–2025. Results: Skeletal anchorage with TAD and modified TADMAN/Beneslider appliances provided maxi- mum control over the force vector, sustained distalization, and elimination of adverse effects in the ante- rior segment. Conclusions: Treatment of impacted teeth requires accurate three-dimensional diagnosis, individual - ized biomechanical planning, and integration of modern anchorage and surgical exposure methods. RPE, TADs, Beneslider, and minimally invasive exposure techniques were found to be effective and safe in the management of complex impaction cases. The combined orthodontic–surgical approach provided con - trolled eruption, periodontal stability, and long-term functional and aesthetic results.
Quality of life and the impact of multimorbidity in patients with chronic disease: literature review
Introduction. Diseases with high prevalence, such as high blood pressure, dementia, depression, and diabetes, can lead to multimorbidity, which is defined as the presence of more than one health condition in the same individual and is today considered a global challenge. Multimorbidity has consequences both in quality of life and in the use of healthcare services. Objective. Review of the literature regarding the identification of quality of life and the impact caused by multimorbidity in patients with chronic diseases. Materials and methods. The search included electronic databases: Ovid PubMed, Cochrane Library, and NLM Tools. Inclusion criteria included published studies on the topic of identifying the impact of multi- morbidity on quality of life in patients. More than sixty potential articles were identified, but the review included the original results of nine studies that had a direct connection to the topic of interest. Results. According to the conducted review, it was evident that mainly third-age individuals, with an average age around 60 years, presented for medical treatment for two or more diseases. In some studies, patients with low educational levels were more likely to present with multimorbidity, also showing a low quality of life as a result of the diseases. These patients exhibited difficulties even in accessing health - care services. The most frequently identified diseases were arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obstructive sleep syndrome (apnea-hypopnea), anxiety, heart failure, depression, and ischemic heart dis- eases. Conclusions. Difficulties in accessing healthcare services and the coexistence of cardiometabolic and psychiatric diseases worsen the quality of life and treatment outcomes, emphasizing the need for integrat- ed and multidisciplinary approaches in managing multimorbidity in patients with chronic diseases.
Environmental impact and physicochemical assessment of biodiesel-diesel blends (B6 and B8) in accordance with European standards
Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the environmental impact of biodiesel as an alternative fuel and to analyze the physicochemical characteristics of biodiesel–diesel blends B6 and B8, with the objective of verifying their compliance with European standards and evaluating their suitability for use in existing diesel engines without technical modifications. Methods: The study was conducted on two biodiesel–diesel blend samples, namely B6 (6% biodiesel and 94% diesel) and B8 (8% biodiesel and 92% diesel), collected from different fuel distribution stations. Lab- oratory analyses were carried out in accordance with European standard methods and included the determination of flash point, kinematic viscosity at 40 °C, density at 15 °C, and vacuum distillation characteristics. Discussion: The results indicate that increasing the biodiesel content in the blends is associated with an increase in flash point and kinematic viscosity, thereby improving fuel handling safety and lubricating properties. Density and distillation parameters remain within the limits established by European standards, showing only minor variations compared to conventional diesel fuel. From an environmental perspective, bio- diesel contributes to a reduction in pollutant emissions. Conclusions: Based on the analyses performed, biodiesel–diesel blends B6 and B8 meet the physicochemical require- ments of European standards and demonstrate full compatibility with the technical requirements for use in existing diesel engines. The results confirm that biodiesel represents a sustainable, safe, and viable alternative for reducing the environmental impact of the transport sector, offering significant potential for expanded use in European and regional markets.
Psychological intervention in elderhood: the importance of biopsychosocial model, cultural and systematic approach
The study relate to psychological intervention to be more effective in elderhood. A discussion is been made to implement a sucessful process of psychological treatment applying a biopsychosocial model which combines biological declaines or other biological concerns with older people together with socal and cultural factors to understand better psychoemotional or psychocognitive impairments with older people for a longlasting and effective intervention during their last years of life. Sometimes techniques integrated are not always possible to apply at this age. The purpose is to explore and identify some data that will help to understand those challenges. The importance of biopsychosocial model, systematic approach and cultural influence in understanding older people.
The importance of play in children’s development
Play is a very important indicator in child development. Play is the main way of learning in early childhood. Children learn best through personal needs and multi-sensory methods that stimulate their natural senses and curiosity. Play is a stimulus that affects the psychological and social development of the child. A healthy psychological and social development makes the body more functional in dif- ferent dimensions. In this paper I have focused on the importance of play and the impact that neglect and lack of it have on children. The purpose of this study is to understand, identify, analyze and explore the importance of play in the healthy psychosocial, physical, intellectual and emotional development of preschool children and the impact that play has on children’s growth and ability to integrate into social relation- ships. The main objective of this study is to provide information about the benefits that can help parents, educators and psychologists during the process of educating children. It is also important to empha- size the consequences that neglecting play can have on children because it has major effects on brain development and academic achievement. This resulted from the review and comparison of various literatures. The method used in this study is qualitative. Qualitative research is used to discover a range of target audience behaviors and the perceptions that drive them in relation to specific topics or issues. It uses in-depth studies of small groups of people to guide and support the answers to the questions raised. The study concludes by confirming the questions raised above, based on a review of the literature and analogous studies related to the topic.
Artificial intelligence and new horizons for psychology
The paper “Artificial Intelligence and new horizons for psychology” explores the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) technology with the field of psychology, analyzing the opportunities and challenges that arise. It discusses how AI can help advance psychological research, improve diagnoses, and personalize therapeutic treatments. The article examines the use of algorithms and machine learning models in analyzing behavioral data, identifying mental patterns, and predicting psychological outcomes. The paper also addresses the ethical and social implications of embedding technology into the human domain of psychology, emphasizing the importance of balancing tech- nological innovation with the respect for individuals’ privacy and integrity. The article concludes by suggesting possible directions for further research and collaboration between AI and psychology experts.
Eating disorders in adolescents: anorexia nervosa. Case study
Unhealthy eating behaviors and preoccupations with body size and shape can lead to eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by low body weight, which is based on a distorted body image, with individuals suffering from this disorder having an irrational fear of gain- ing weight. Anorexia nervosa is not about food per se. It represents an unhealthy way of coping with emotional problems. Treating this disease in time can be very effective, as not catching it in time can lead to death, as a result of heart failure, or in many cases suicide. Given the importance of the disease, its prognosis and the frightening statistics we face, early detec - tion and identification of cases of patients with anorexia can be of vital importance, therefore this paper aimed to clarify the problem we face, explain the symptoms and signs that appear in patients with anorexia nervosa, with a focus on adolescents and discuss the effectiveness of logotherapy in the treatment of a case of an adolescent with anorexia nervosa, to understand more about the character - istics of anorexia nervosa.
New spaces for an ancient voice: can Arbëresh culture and its literary heritage thrive in the digital age?
This article discusses attempts to safeguard the Arbëresh language and literature as an exception - al case of linguistic-ethnical vitality over time. The Arbëresh, the descendants of Albanian refu - gees who settled in Southern Italy from the 15th to 18th centuries, have preserved their language and some traditions as well as the Byzantine Rite while integrating deeply into Italian society. In the last decades, this heritage has faced challenges: globalization and technological change have eroded intergenerational transmission so much that UNESCO categored Arbëresh in 2010 as a “severely endangered” language. In response to these challenges, the study explores the transition of Arbëresh language and literature from traditional oral and written forms into the digital sphere. It argues that digitalization should not be seen merely as a technical process of preservation but as a strategic tool for addressing the con - temporary difficulties faced by minority cultures. By reflecting on the historical pillars of Arbëresh continuity—such as the gjitonia, the family unit, and religious institutions—the paper outlines a framework for digital revitalization, including the creation of digital corpora, the documentation of oral heritage, and the development of interactive learning platforms. The study concludes that strategically integrating digital tools can help overcome geographical dis - persion, reconnect the diaspora with its cultural roots, and support the long-term vitality of the Ar - bëresh language in the twenty-first century.
The role of information technology in enhancing educational effectiveness: evidence from higher education institutions
Introduction: Information technology has become a fundamental component in modern higher ed- ucation, significantly influencing teaching, learning, and administrative practices. The integration of information technology offers opportunities to enhance educational effectiveness by improving stu- dent engagement, supporting personalized learning, and facilitating institutional efficiency. Objective: This literature review aims to examine the role of information technology in enhancing educational effectiveness in higher education institutions. It synthesizes existing research to identify key benefits, challenges, and best practices in the adoption of information technology in educational settings. Methodology: A comprehensive review of national and international literature was conducted, focus- ing on studies published in the last two decades. Sources included peer-reviewed journals, books, and conference proceedings related to information technology applications in higher education and their impact on learning outcomes and institutional performance. Findings: The review indicates that information technology integration enhances teaching and learning quality, increases student motivation and autonomy, and supports administrative efficiency. Emerging technologies such as virtual and augmented reality, mobile learning, and digital collabo - ration tools have been shown to further enrich the educational experience. Challenges include infra- structure costs, digital literacy gaps, and potential impacts on social interaction. Conclusions: The evidence from the literature suggests that information technology plays a crucial role in improving educational effectiveness in higher education. Institutions are encouraged to adopt strategic policies, invest in infrastructure, and provide training to maximize the benefits of infor - mation technology integration. Future research should explore long-term impacts of technology-en - hanced learning on student outcomes and institutional performance.
The use of artificial intelligence in history teaching in pre-university education: pedagogical opportunities, risks, and guidelines for responsible implementation
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly generative models (e.g., chatbots and text/ image/audio generators), is transforming the ways in which students search for information, write, interpret sources, and construct arguments. In the field of history, AI creates opportunities for per - sonalized learning, modeling of historical thinking, comparative source analysis, and didactic simu- lations; at the same time, it introduces significant risks, including factual “hallucinations,” fabricated citations, content bias, erosion of academic integrity, and the collection of minors’ personal data. This article examines the main uses of AI in history teaching in pre-university education, proposes a practical framework for implementation (planning–implementation–evaluation), and offers ready-to- use classroom scenarios. The discussion is grounded in international guidelines and in disciplinary principles of historical education such as source criticism, contextualization, and multiperspectivity. Ultimately, the article recommends a “limited-partner AI” approach, in which the teacher retains ped- agogical authority and students are trained in verification, argumentation, and transparency in their use of AI.
Use of artificial intelligence for biometric identification under EU Regulation No. 2024/1689
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) brings both innovations and advantages, but it also poses risks, particularly when applied within the criminal justice system. To ensure that technology does not undermine fundamental rights and freedoms, criminal law must adapt to these new technological advancements. One area of concern is the application of biometric identification technology during the investigation phase or the criminal procedure. In June 2024, the European Union adopted Regulation No. 2024/1689 on Artificial Intelligence, focusing on the protection of human rights. This regulation amends previous laws regarding artificial intelligence and establishes harmonized rules. It prohibits the marketing, deployment, or use of artificial intelligence systems for predictive policing and crime risk analysis, as well as the placing on the market, putting into service, or use of artificial intelligence systems that are manipulative or deceptive, and at the same time limits the use of artificial intelligence for biometric identification.
The effectiveness of psychosocial services in Albania
In 2025, psychosocial services in Albania are undergoing a process of continuous development, driven by the growing needs of society and efforts to align with European standards of social welfare. These services play a fundamental role in supporting individuals facing emotional, psychological, and social difficulties; therefore, assessing their effectiveness is essential for designing sustainable and evidence-informed social policies. In this context, digitalisation represents an important opportu- nity to improve both access to and the quality of psychosocial services. Albania has made significant progress in the digitalisation of public administration and social services; however, the integration of digital components into psychosocial care provision remains fragmented and uneven This study examines the effectiveness of psychosocial services at the national level, with a particular focus on access, quality, digitalisation, and the extent to which interventions respond to the needs of diverse social groups. The research draws on data collected from public institutions, non-govern - mental organisations, field experts, and case studies. The analysis assesses institutional capacities, staff professional preparedness, the adoption of digital technologies, and service users’ perceptions regarding the impact and quality of the psychosocial support provided. The findings indicate mod- erate improvements in urban areas, particularly where online platforms have been implemented for counselling and psychosocial assistance, while substantial challenges persist in rural and marginal - ised communities. These challenges include limited access to technological resources, weak interin - stitutional coordination, and social stigma associated with seeking help. The recommendations highlight the need for a clear national strategy for the digitalisation of psycho- social services, stronger intersectoral collaboration, greater investment in professional education and supervision, and the strengthening of monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, including the use of digital tools. The study aims to contribute to the development of a more effective, inclusive, and con- text-sensitive service system, aligned with Albania’s European integration process and the country’s broader digital transformation agenda.
Integration of digitalization in social protection and inclusion: system for older adults, findings, challenges, and recommendations
Access and inclusion in the use of technological tools hold particular importance in the process of integrating digitalization across institutional systems. Accelerated digitalization, which became a ne- cessity during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, has focused public policy attention on the signif - icance of digital inclusiveness while simultaneously highlighting social challenges and inequalities caused by the lack of access to technological tools and internet connectivity among disadvantaged groups, including older adults. This paper aims to analyze how Albania is coping with this digital transformation by examining older adults’ access to technological tools and institutional efforts to ensure active inclusion in public policy design and access to digital services. The methodology in this study adopts a mixed-method approach, as it combines quantitative analysis (e.g: percentages of technology use, reported challenges) with qualitative analysis (e.g., perceptions of older adults, interviews with institutional staff). The research includes a comprehensive review and examination of official national and international documentation, public online platforms/portals, as well as the implementation of structured inter - views with individuals aged 65 and above. The study sample consists of approximately 150 respondents (older adults, representatives of central and local institutions, and social care service providers). The collected data identified key challenges contributing to digital exclusion among older adults, such as lack of technological skills, limited ac- cess to digital devices, and insufficient institutional support. At the same time, the rapid digitalization process offers opportunities to improve older adults’ quality of life if accompanied by appropriate policies in education, equipment provision, and assistance. The findings indicate that the use of digital technology reduces or mitigates social exclusion and cre- ates opportunities for social inclusion and access to public services for vulnerable groups, including older adults. The results serve as recommendations to support public policy priorities for inclusion and access to technological tools, aiming for a more inclusive and sustainable approach.
Bridging pedagogical theory and educational technology practice: a coherent framework for assistant teacher preparation and infrastructure in the US and Albania
This paper synthesizes prevailing theoretical frameworks and empirical observations to clarify two interrelated barriers to technology-mediated learning: (i) the disjunction between pedagogical best practices and entrenched, teacher-centric classroom routines, and (ii) the deficit of reliable infra- structural support. We use a conceptual synthesis anchored in the principle that effective instruction—both about and through technology—should originate from learners’ needs and intrinsic motivations. The analysis critically engages policy and research evidence (including a National Education Policy Center brief and Mathis & Enyedy’s work) and adopts a comparative lens between the United States and Albania to identify leverage points in teacher preparation and system design. Four research-aligned intervention tracks are proposed: (1) strategic strengthening of technological infrastructure; (2) iterative, context-embedded professional learning for in-service educators; (3) preservice curricular reforms that embed technology–pedagogy integration; and (4) cultivation of reflective methodological mindsets that privilege student agency and diverse learning practices. This is a synthesis/review paper and does not report original experimental statistics. Across contexts, technology improves learning when it is designed as part of student-centred ped- agogy, supported by sustained professional learning and dependable infrastructure—rather than introduced as a stand-alone “innovation.” The paper offers a concise, actionable roadmap to align theoretical imperatives with classroom real- ities, with specific relevance to assistant-teacher preparation and inclusive practice for learners with special educational needs.
The transformation of interpersonal relationships in the digital age: challenges for adolescents’ emotional development