The influence of western Anatolia on the creation of Starčevo’s culture explained by examples of the Kosova’s variant
Abstract
This initiative, which serves to shed light on a phenomenon such as the influence of western Anatolia on the creation of Starcevo culture, is only a very small step dealing with this issue, that experts from the occident have not worked hard enough on it, not even local experts of these cultural areas, even less the experts of other Balkan cultures who were affected by the same phenomenon, and not at all the specialists from Kosova. To explain this phenomenon, the first focus will be directed toward the movement of the population and its very reasons, that went from western Anatolia, which encompasses in itself three cultural groups, the north-western around the Fikirtepe site, the central western around Izmir and the south-western or as it is called otherwise the Lake District or the culture of Hacilar, to the Starčevo zone, passing through the cultures of the Balkan that borders them or are closest to, and based on this, the comparison will be made with archaeological findings such as architecture, pottery and tools, between these two and the eastern Balkan Group, and the Aegean Group with Thessalian and Macedonian culture.Keywords:
Starçevë, Anatoli perëndimore, ndikim, Lëvizje e popullsisë, BallkanDownloads
References
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Barbara Horejs, Bogdana Milic, Christoph Schwall, Maria Röcklinger, Christopher Britsch, Lisa Betina, Çukuriçi Höyük 1: Anatolia and the Aegean from the 7th to the 3rd Millenium BC, OREA 5, Austrian Academy of Science, Vjenë, 2017, f. 16.
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Blazenka Stalio, Naselje i stan neolitskog perioda, Neolit Centralnog Balkana, Narodni Muzej, Beograd, 1968, f. 77-106.
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Borislav Jovanović, Istorijat keramičke industrije. Neolit Centralnog Balkana, Narodni muzej, Beograd, 1968, f. 107-176.
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Caterine Kuzucuoğlu, The Neolithic in Anatolia at the regional scale. Some issues concerning chronology and environmental contexts, French Geoarchaeology in the 21st Century, CNRS Editions, Paris, 2014, f. 129-143.
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Catherine Perlès, Anita Quiles, Hélène Valladas, Early seventh-millennium AMS dates from domestic seeds in the Initial Neolithic at Franchthi Cave (Argolid, Greece), Antiquity 87, no. 338, Cambridge University Press, 2013, f. 1001-1015.
-
Clemens Lichter, How did farming reach Europe, Anatolian-European relations from the second half of the 7th through the first half of the 6th millenium cal BC, Western Anatolia in the Late Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic: the actual state of research, BYZAS 2, Istanbul, 2005, f. 1-329.
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Christoph Schwall, Michael Brandl, Tatjana M. Gluhak, Bogdana Milić, Lisa Betina, Lasse Sørensen, Danilo Wolf, Maria M. Martinez, Barbara Horejs, From near and far: Stone procurement and exchange at Çukuriçi Höyük in Western Anatolia, Journal of Lithic Studies 7, no. 3, 2020, f. 1-25, Universiteti i Edinburgut, Edinburg, 2020, f. 1-20.
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Dragoslav Srejovic, Neolitska Plastika Centralnobalkanskog Podrucja: Neolit Centralnog Balkana, Narodni Muzej, Beograd, 1968.
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Dragoslav Srejovic, Protoneolit-Kultura Lepenskog Vira, Praistorija jugoslovenskih zemalja, ANUBH, Sarajevë, 1979, f. 33-79.
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Elisha Owara van den Bos, Living Neolithization: a multi-scalar approach to houses, settlements and habitation practices in Western Anatolia and Southeastern Europe (c. 7000-5000 BCE), tezë doktorature, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 2021, f. 1-481.
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Eylem Özdoğan, Current research and new evidence for the Neolithization process in Western Turkey, European Journal of Archaeology 18, no. 1, Cambridge University Press, 2015, f. 33-59.
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Fulya Dedeoğlu, Ali Ozan, Erim Konakçı, Bora Temür, Başak Boz, Bogdana Milić, Gülçin İlgezdi-Bertram, Mücella Erdalkıran, Archaeological and Analytical Investigation of a New Neolithic Site in Western Anatolia: Ekşi Höyük (Denizli, Turkey), Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 23, no. 1, 2023, f. 1-29.
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Georgia Adamidou, Neolithic settlements and houses in north-western Turkey and northern Greece, Master Thesis, International Hellenic University, Selanik, 2018.
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Georgia Karamitrou-Mentessidi, Nikos Efstratiou, Malgorzata Kaczanowska, Januzs Krzystof Kozlowski, Early Neolithic Settlement of Mavropigi in Western Greek Macedonia, Eurasian Prehistory 12, no. 1-2, 2017, f. 47-116.
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Harun Oy, New survey and typological study of prehistoric Dutluca region, Uşak, Turkey, Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 21, no. 2, 2021, f. 69-92.
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Hüreyla Balcı, Rana Özbal, Fokke Gerritsen, Erkan Fidan, Different manifestations of Neolithization in Northwest Anatolia? An archaeobotanical review from Barcın Höyük and Bahçelievler, Turkey, Documenta Praehistorica 49, University of Ljubljana Press Journals, 2022, f. 28-44.
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Jean-Paul Demoule, Collectif, De Méditerranée et d’ailleurs… Mélanges offerts à Jean Guilaine. La colonisation néolithique de l’Europe balkanique: chronologie et processus, Archives d’Écologie Préhistorique, Collège de France, Toulouse, 2009, f. 251-268.
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Jürgen Seeher, Evidence of seventh/early sixth millenium BC Neolithic sites in north-western Anatolia, Beginnings – New Research in the Appearance of the Neolithic between Northwest Anatolia and the Carpathian Basin, Verlag Marie Leidorf, Rahden/Westf., 2011, f. 47-55.
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Levent Atici, Suzanne Pilaar Birch, Burçin Erdoğu, Spread of domestic animals across Neolithic western Anatolia: New zooarchaeological evidence from Uğurlu Höyük, the island of Gökçeada, Turkey, PLoS One 12, no. 10, 2017, f. 1-30.
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Ljubo Fidanoski, Early Neolithic in North Macedonia and Bulgaria: Geographical and cultural relations, Studia Universitatis Hereditati 9, no. 1, University of Primorska Press, 2021, f. 19, 23-24.
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Małgorzata Grębska-Kulow, Petar Zidarov, The routes of Neolithisation: the middle Struma valley from a regional perspective, Open Archaeology 7, no. 1, De Gruyter, 2021, f. 1000-1014.
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Maria Gurova, Balkan flint – fiction and/or trajectory to Neolithization: Evidence from Bulgaria, Bulgarian e-Journal of Archaeology 1, Sofje, f. 15-49.
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Marko Porčić, Tamara Blagojević, Sofija Stefanović, Demography of the early Neolithic population in Central Balkans: population dynamics reconstruction using summed radiocarbon probability distributions, PLoS One 11, no. 8, 2016, f. 1-12.
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Maxime Brami, Volker Heyd, The origins of Europe’s first farmers: the role of Hacılar and western Anatolia, fifty years on, Praehistorische Zeitschrift 86, no. 2, Berlin, 2011, f. 165-206.
-
Mehmet Özdoğan, Archaeological evidence on the westward expansion of farming communities from eastern Anatolia to the Aegean and the Balkans, Current Anthropology 52, no. 4, 2011, f. 415-430.
-
Mehmet Özdoğan, Neolithic sites in the Marmara region: Fikirtepe, Pendik, Yarimburgaz, Toptepe, Hoca Çeşme and Aşağı Pınar, The Neolithic in Turkey 5: Northwestern Turkey and Istanbul, 2013, f. 167-269.
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M. H. J. M. N. Wijnen, Chapter III: Analysis of the early Neolithic I pottery from Sesklo, Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia XIV: The early Neolithic I settlement at Sesklo, Leiden University, 1981, f. 21-38.
-
Mihael Budja, Neolithic pots and potters in Europe: the end of the demic diffusion migratory model, Documenta Praehistorica 40, University of Ljubljana Press Journals, 2013, f. 38-56.
-
Milutin Garašanin, Centralnobalkanska zona, Praistorija jugoslavenskih zemalja 2, ANUBH, Sarajevë, 1979, f. 79-212.
-
Natalie Munro, Mary Stiner, Zooarchaeological evidence for early Neolithic colonization at Franchthi Cave (Peloponnese, Greece), Current Anthropology 56, no. 4, 2015, f. 596-603.
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Nenad Tasić, The Archaeological Treasures of Kosovo and Metohija from the Neolithic to the Early Middle Ages, The Starčevo Culture Catalogue 90, SANU, Beograd, 1998.
-
Paraskevi Yiouni, The pottery from Nea Nikomedeia in its Balkan context, University of London, University College London, 1992, f. 1-340.
-
Raiko Krauss, On the “Monochrome” Neolithic in Southeast Europe, Beginnings – New Research in the Appearance of the Neolithic between Northwest Anatolia and the Carpathian Basin, Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Rahden, 2011, f. 109-122.
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Sari Deniz, Şemsettin Akyol, The early Neolithic pottery of Keçiçayırı and its place in the north-western Anatolian Neolithisation process, Documenta Praehistorica 46, University of Ljubljana Press Journals, 2019, f. 138-156.
-
Susan Allen, Second impressions: expanding the range of cereals from early Neolithic Franchthi Cave, Greece, Ethnobiology Letters 9, no. 2, 2018, f. 189-196.
-
Tanya Dzhanfezova, Organic temper and the early Neolithic pottery production: interpretational challenges, Acta Archaeologica 91, no. 2, Kopenhagë, 2020, f. 61-87.
References
Barbara Horejs, Bogdana Milic, Christoph Schwall, Maria Röcklinger, Christopher Britsch, Lisa Betina, Çukuriçi Höyük 1: Anatolia and the Aegean from the 7th to the 3rd Millenium BC, OREA 5, Austrian Academy of Science, Vjenë, 2017, f. 16.
Blazenka Stalio, Naselje i stan neolitskog perioda, Neolit Centralnog Balkana, Narodni Muzej, Beograd, 1968, f. 77-106.
Borislav Jovanović, Istorijat keramičke industrije. Neolit Centralnog Balkana, Narodni muzej, Beograd, 1968, f. 107-176.
Caterine Kuzucuoğlu, The Neolithic in Anatolia at the regional scale. Some issues concerning chronology and environmental contexts, French Geoarchaeology in the 21st Century, CNRS Editions, Paris, 2014, f. 129-143.
Catherine Perlès, Anita Quiles, Hélène Valladas, Early seventh-millennium AMS dates from domestic seeds in the Initial Neolithic at Franchthi Cave (Argolid, Greece), Antiquity 87, no. 338, Cambridge University Press, 2013, f. 1001-1015.
Clemens Lichter, How did farming reach Europe, Anatolian-European relations from the second half of the 7th through the first half of the 6th millenium cal BC, Western Anatolia in the Late Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic: the actual state of research, BYZAS 2, Istanbul, 2005, f. 1-329.
Christoph Schwall, Michael Brandl, Tatjana M. Gluhak, Bogdana Milić, Lisa Betina, Lasse Sørensen, Danilo Wolf, Maria M. Martinez, Barbara Horejs, From near and far: Stone procurement and exchange at Çukuriçi Höyük in Western Anatolia, Journal of Lithic Studies 7, no. 3, 2020, f. 1-25, Universiteti i Edinburgut, Edinburg, 2020, f. 1-20.
Dragoslav Srejovic, Neolitska Plastika Centralnobalkanskog Podrucja: Neolit Centralnog Balkana, Narodni Muzej, Beograd, 1968.
Dragoslav Srejovic, Protoneolit-Kultura Lepenskog Vira, Praistorija jugoslovenskih zemalja, ANUBH, Sarajevë, 1979, f. 33-79.
Elisha Owara van den Bos, Living Neolithization: a multi-scalar approach to houses, settlements and habitation practices in Western Anatolia and Southeastern Europe (c. 7000-5000 BCE), tezë doktorature, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 2021, f. 1-481.
Eylem Özdoğan, Current research and new evidence for the Neolithization process in Western Turkey, European Journal of Archaeology 18, no. 1, Cambridge University Press, 2015, f. 33-59.
Fulya Dedeoğlu, Ali Ozan, Erim Konakçı, Bora Temür, Başak Boz, Bogdana Milić, Gülçin İlgezdi-Bertram, Mücella Erdalkıran, Archaeological and Analytical Investigation of a New Neolithic Site in Western Anatolia: Ekşi Höyük (Denizli, Turkey), Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 23, no. 1, 2023, f. 1-29.
Georgia Adamidou, Neolithic settlements and houses in north-western Turkey and northern Greece, Master Thesis, International Hellenic University, Selanik, 2018.
Georgia Karamitrou-Mentessidi, Nikos Efstratiou, Malgorzata Kaczanowska, Januzs Krzystof Kozlowski, Early Neolithic Settlement of Mavropigi in Western Greek Macedonia, Eurasian Prehistory 12, no. 1-2, 2017, f. 47-116.
Harun Oy, New survey and typological study of prehistoric Dutluca region, Uşak, Turkey, Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 21, no. 2, 2021, f. 69-92.
Hüreyla Balcı, Rana Özbal, Fokke Gerritsen, Erkan Fidan, Different manifestations of Neolithization in Northwest Anatolia? An archaeobotanical review from Barcın Höyük and Bahçelievler, Turkey, Documenta Praehistorica 49, University of Ljubljana Press Journals, 2022, f. 28-44.
Jean-Paul Demoule, Collectif, De Méditerranée et d’ailleurs… Mélanges offerts à Jean Guilaine. La colonisation néolithique de l’Europe balkanique: chronologie et processus, Archives d’Écologie Préhistorique, Collège de France, Toulouse, 2009, f. 251-268.
Jürgen Seeher, Evidence of seventh/early sixth millenium BC Neolithic sites in north-western Anatolia, Beginnings – New Research in the Appearance of the Neolithic between Northwest Anatolia and the Carpathian Basin, Verlag Marie Leidorf, Rahden/Westf., 2011, f. 47-55.
Levent Atici, Suzanne Pilaar Birch, Burçin Erdoğu, Spread of domestic animals across Neolithic western Anatolia: New zooarchaeological evidence from Uğurlu Höyük, the island of Gökçeada, Turkey, PLoS One 12, no. 10, 2017, f. 1-30.
Ljubo Fidanoski, Early Neolithic in North Macedonia and Bulgaria: Geographical and cultural relations, Studia Universitatis Hereditati 9, no. 1, University of Primorska Press, 2021, f. 19, 23-24.
Małgorzata Grębska-Kulow, Petar Zidarov, The routes of Neolithisation: the middle Struma valley from a regional perspective, Open Archaeology 7, no. 1, De Gruyter, 2021, f. 1000-1014.
Maria Gurova, Balkan flint – fiction and/or trajectory to Neolithization: Evidence from Bulgaria, Bulgarian e-Journal of Archaeology 1, Sofje, f. 15-49.
Marko Porčić, Tamara Blagojević, Sofija Stefanović, Demography of the early Neolithic population in Central Balkans: population dynamics reconstruction using summed radiocarbon probability distributions, PLoS One 11, no. 8, 2016, f. 1-12.
Maxime Brami, Volker Heyd, The origins of Europe’s first farmers: the role of Hacılar and western Anatolia, fifty years on, Praehistorische Zeitschrift 86, no. 2, Berlin, 2011, f. 165-206.
Mehmet Özdoğan, Archaeological evidence on the westward expansion of farming communities from eastern Anatolia to the Aegean and the Balkans, Current Anthropology 52, no. 4, 2011, f. 415-430.
Mehmet Özdoğan, Neolithic sites in the Marmara region: Fikirtepe, Pendik, Yarimburgaz, Toptepe, Hoca Çeşme and Aşağı Pınar, The Neolithic in Turkey 5: Northwestern Turkey and Istanbul, 2013, f. 167-269.
M. H. J. M. N. Wijnen, Chapter III: Analysis of the early Neolithic I pottery from Sesklo, Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia XIV: The early Neolithic I settlement at Sesklo, Leiden University, 1981, f. 21-38.
Mihael Budja, Neolithic pots and potters in Europe: the end of the demic diffusion migratory model, Documenta Praehistorica 40, University of Ljubljana Press Journals, 2013, f. 38-56.
Milutin Garašanin, Centralnobalkanska zona, Praistorija jugoslavenskih zemalja 2, ANUBH, Sarajevë, 1979, f. 79-212.
Natalie Munro, Mary Stiner, Zooarchaeological evidence for early Neolithic colonization at Franchthi Cave (Peloponnese, Greece), Current Anthropology 56, no. 4, 2015, f. 596-603.
Nenad Tasić, The Archaeological Treasures of Kosovo and Metohija from the Neolithic to the Early Middle Ages, The Starčevo Culture Catalogue 90, SANU, Beograd, 1998.
Paraskevi Yiouni, The pottery from Nea Nikomedeia in its Balkan context, University of London, University College London, 1992, f. 1-340.
Raiko Krauss, On the “Monochrome” Neolithic in Southeast Europe, Beginnings – New Research in the Appearance of the Neolithic between Northwest Anatolia and the Carpathian Basin, Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Rahden, 2011, f. 109-122.
Sari Deniz, Şemsettin Akyol, The early Neolithic pottery of Keçiçayırı and its place in the north-western Anatolian Neolithisation process, Documenta Praehistorica 46, University of Ljubljana Press Journals, 2019, f. 138-156.
Susan Allen, Second impressions: expanding the range of cereals from early Neolithic Franchthi Cave, Greece, Ethnobiology Letters 9, no. 2, 2018, f. 189-196.
Tanya Dzhanfezova, Organic temper and the early Neolithic pottery production: interpretational challenges, Acta Archaeologica 91, no. 2, Kopenhagë, 2020, f. 61-87.
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