Migrimi dhe varfëria në vendet e evropës qëndrore dhe lindore: Një zbatim i modelit të gravitetit (2007-2016)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55312/op.vi1.4621Abstract
Vendimi për të migruar është një funksion i disa variablave, të cilat ndihmojnë ose pengojnë migrimin dhe mund të shënohen me shenja pozitive ose negative. Faktorët negativë përfshijnë problemet sociale dhe ekonomike në vendet e origjinës, siç janë varfëria, shkelja e të drejtave, konfliktet politike dhe të armatosura etj. Nga ana tjetër, faktorët pozitivë lidhen me kushtet e vendeve pritëse si të ardhurat e larta, gjuha e përbashkët, niveli i sigurisë së lartë etj. Ky dokument përqendrohet në fenomenin e emigrimit në disa vende të Europës Qendrore dhe Lindore dhe mbi faktorët përcaktues përkatës. Ne vlerësojmë një model origjinal të gravitetit duke përfshirë disa variabla të pavarur që lidhen me çështjet tipike për vendet në zhvillim, siç janë varfëria, papunësia dhe korrupsioni. Sipas testeve diagnostifikuese, ekuacioni i vlerësuar përshtatet mirë me mostrën tonë. Autoritetet e vendeve të EQL duhet të orientojnë politikat e tyre drejt krijimit të vendeve të reja të punës dhe zbutjes së pabarazisë. Kjo do të çojë në një rritje të qëndrueshme ekonomike dhe në zvogëlimin e daljeve të ardhshme të migracionit.Keywords:
vendet e EQL, migrimi, varfëria, teoria e gravitetit.Downloads
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GDP per capita (current US$) | Data [Internet]. Data.worldbank.org. 2018. Available from: https://data.worldbank. org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD
The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency [Internet]. Cia.gov. 2018. Available from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/fields/ 2046.html
Migration and migrant population statistics - Statistics Explained [Internet].Ec.europa.eu. 2018. Available from:
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained/ index.php/Migration _and_migrant_population_statistics
Lee E. A theory of migration. Demography 1966; 3: 47-57.
Lewis W. Economic development with unlimited supplies of labor. Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies 1954; 22; 139-91.
Ranis G., Fei J. A theory of economic development. American Economic Review 1961; 51: 533-565.
Harris J., Todaro M. Migration, unemployment, and development: a two-sector analysis. American Economic Review 1970; 60: 126-142.
Piore M. Birds of passage: migrant labour in industrial societies. Cambridge; Cambridge University Press; 1979.
Borjas G. The economics of immigration. Journal of Economic Literature 1994; 32(4):1667-1717
Guilmoto C., Sandron F. The internal dynamics of migration networks in developing countries. Population: An English Selection 2001; 13(2): 135-164.
Beine M., Bertoli S., Moraga J. A practitioners’ guide to gravity models of international migration. The World Economy 2016; 1–17.
Cuaresma J.C., Moser M., Raggl A. On the Determinants of Global Bilateral Migration Flows, WWW for Europe Working Papers series 2013; 5.
Grogger J., Hanson G. Income maximization and the selection and sorting of international migrants. Journal of Development Economics 2011; 95(1); 42–57.
Kim K., Cohen J. Determinants of international migration flows to and from industrialized countries: a panel data approach beyond gravity.
International Migration Review 2010; 44(4); 899–932.
Ortega F., Peri G. The effect of income and immigration policies on international migration. Migration Studies 2013; 1(1); 47–74.
Poprawe M. On the relationship between corruption and migration: empirical evidence from a gravity model of migration. Public Choice 2015; 163 (3–4).
Ramos R., Suriñach J. A Gravity Model of Migration Between the ENC and the EU. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale gjeografie 2017; 108(1); 21-35.
Mayer T., Zignago. S. Notes on CEPII’s distances measures: The GeoDist Database. CEPII Working Paper 2011; 25.
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