Vetëvlerësimi i përvojave shkollore dhe mirëqenies te femijet me paaftesi intelektuale: Eksplorim mbi dimensionet konjitive,emocionale dhe motivacionale
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55312/op.vi1.4706Abstract
Qëllimi i këtij studimi është të eksplorojë marrëdhënien e dimensioneve emocionale, njohëse dhe motivuese të lidhura me përvojat e të nxënit në kontekstin shkollor të fëmijëve me zhvillim atipik vonesë mendore (VM).Metodologjia sasiore e bazuar në vlerësimin psikometrik ishte metoda e përdorur në këtë studim. Janë përdorur dy lloje pyetësorësh si Pyetësori i Vetëvendosjes dhe Eksperiencës dhe Pyetësori i Klimës Mësimore (LCQ) që synojnë të identifikojnë përvojën në dimensionet njohëse, emocionale dhe motivuese si dhe mbështetjen sociale për arritjen e autonomisë së nxënësve me zhvillim atipik. Studimi përfshiu 50 fëmijë të grupmoshës nga 15 deri në 18 vjeç, me një moshë mesatare 16 vjeç, të cilët frekuentuan 5 Institucione Arsimore të qytetit të Tiranës. Rezultatet treguan një nivel të moderuar ankthi te nx-ënësit me pritshmëri më të ulëta për arritje në detyrat e klasës (Z = 2,285; Sig = 0,222) ndërsa më të lartë në aktivitetet e jashtme (Z = 2,254; Sig = 0,433). Testi i Friedman-it mbi profilet e përvojave të lidhura me aktivitete të ndryshme raportoi dallime domethënëse midis pesë aktiviteteve në shkallën e pritshmërive dhe performancës (Chi Square = 13,960; Sig = 0.007). Indekset e testit Wilcoxon treguan vlera më të larta për aktivitetet brenda klasës (Z = -2,727; Sig = 0,106) ndërsa të dhënat e testit Mann - Whitney nuk zbulojnë dallime të rëndësishme midis niveleve të MR. Dy dallime të tjera të rëndësishme klinike u shfaqën në pyetësorin e Vetëvendosjes dhe përvojës ku studentët me MR të lehtë raportuan rezultate më të ulëta në perceptimin dhe kuptimin e detyrës (Z = -2.052; Sig = 0.038) ndërsa ata me nivele të moderuara të MR raportuan nivele më të ulëta të motivimit të introjektuar. (Z = -2,789, Sig = 0,005). Një koherencë e brendshme me përgjigjet e dhëna nga kampioni ynë, si dhe informacioni cilësor i mbledhur në vend, na bëri të konfirmojmë se më shumë aktivitete të asistuara jashtë klasës përmirësojnë dimensionet njohëse, emocionale dhe motivuese të studentëve me zhvillim atipik drejt rritja e mirëqenies psikosocialeKeywords:
Dimensionet psikologjike,, Përvoja,, Prapambetja mendore,, Vetëvlerësimi,, Klima e të nxënit.Downloads
References
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Davies, D., Sperber, R.D. & McCauley, C. (1981). Intelligence-related differences in semantic processing speed, Journal of experimental child psychology, 31 (3), 387- 402
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Merrill, E.C. (1990), Attentional Resource Allocation and Mental Retardation. In International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, Bray, N. W. (ed.), (pp. 51- 88). Academic Press
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Tomporowski, P.D. & Hager, L.D. (1992). Sustained Attention in Mentally Retarded Individuals. In International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, (pp. 111- 136), Academic Press
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Cocchi, M., Balestrini, M., Dell’ Oro, M. & Talpone, U. (1994), Vocational-Guidance of Young Disabled People - Applying New Instruments, Saggi-Neuropsicologia Infantile Psicopedagogia Riabilitazione, 20 (1), 53-59
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Ziegler, E. & Bennet-Gates, D., (1999) Personality in individuals with mental retardation. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. (Italian Eds: 2002 Junior: Bergamo).
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Ziegler, E. & Balla, D. (eds). (1982). Mental retardation: the developmental – difference controversy. Erlbaum: Hillsdale
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Ziegler, E. & Hodapp, R. M. (1986). Understanding mental retardation. Cambridge University Press: New York
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Elliott, T. R., Kurylo, M., & Rivera, P. (2002). Positive Growth Following Acquired Physical Disability. In Snyder, C. R., Lopez, Shane J. (Eds). Handbook of positive psychology. (pp. 687-698). Oxford University Press: New York
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Albrecht, G.L., Devlieger, P.J. (1999). The disability paradox: high quality of life against all odds.
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Social Science & Medicine, 48 (8), 977-88
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Csikzentmihalyi, M. (1975;2000). Beyond boredom and anxiety. Jossey-Bass: San Francisco.
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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78
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Ryan, R.M. & Connell, J.P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining
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reasons for acting in two domains, Journal of personality and social psychology, 57, 749-761
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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.
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Ryan, R.M. Huta V & Deci E.L. (2008). Living well: a self - determination theory perspective on eudaimonia. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 139-170
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Finlay, W.M.L., Lyons, E. (2001). Methodological issues in interviewing and using self-report questionnaires with people with mental retardation. Psychological Assessment.
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Ziegler, E. & Bennet-Gates, D., (1999) Personality in individuals with mental retardation. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. (Italian Eds: 2002 Junior: Bergamo).
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Delle Fave, A., Massimini, F. & Bassi, M. (2011). Psychological Selection and Optimal Experience Across Cultures: Social Empowerment through Personal Growth. Springer: Berlin
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Graesser, A. C., & D’Mello, S. (2012). Emotions during the learning of difficult material. In B. H. Ross (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (pp. 183–225). Elsevier Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394293-7.00005-4
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Csikzentmihalyi, M. (1975;2000). Beyond boredom and anxiety. Jossey-Bass: San Francisco.
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Idem
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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum: New York.
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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227-268
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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78
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Delle Fave, A., Massimini, F. & Bassi, M. (2011). Psychological Selection and Optimal Experience Across Cultures: Social Empowerment through Personal Growth. Springer: Berlin.
References
Kahneman, D. & Riis, J. (2005). Living, and thinking about it: two perspective on life. In Huppert, F. Keverne, B. & Baylis, N Eds.. The science of well-being, (pp. 285-306). Oxford University Press: Oxford.
Delle Fave, A. & Massimini, F. (2005). The investigation of optimal experience and apathy. Developmental and psychosocial implications. European Psychologist, 10 (4), 264-274.
Seligman, M.E.P. & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology. An introduction. American Psychologist, 55 (1), 5-14
Hefferon, K. & Boniwell, I. (2011) Positive Psychology. Theory, research and applications. McGraw-Hill International: New York
Kubovi, M. (1999). On the pleasures of the Mind. In Kahneman, D., Diener, E., Schwarz, N. (eds.) Well-Being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology. Russell Sage Foundation: New York.
Hagen, J.W. & Huntsman, N.J. (1971). Selective attention in mental retardates, Developmental psychology, 5 (1), 151-160
Davies, D., Sperber, R.D. & McCauley, C. (1981). Intelligence-related differences in semantic processing speed, Journal of experimental child psychology, 31 (3), 387- 402
Merrill, E.C. & Bilsky, L.H. (1990), Individual differences in the representation of sentences in memory, American Journal of Mental Retardation, 95 (1), 68-76
Merrill, E.C. (1990), Attentional Resource Allocation and Mental Retardation. In International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, Bray, N. W. (ed.), (pp. 51- 88). Academic Press
Tomporowski, P.D. & Hager, L.D. (1992). Sustained Attention in Mentally Retarded Individuals. In International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, (pp. 111- 136), Academic Press
Cocchi, M., Balestrini, M., Dell’ Oro, M. & Talpone, U. (1994), Vocational-Guidance of Young Disabled People - Applying New Instruments, Saggi-Neuropsicologia Infantile Psicopedagogia Riabilitazione, 20 (1), 53-59
Ziegler, E. & Bennet-Gates, D., (1999) Personality in individuals with mental retardation. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. (Italian Eds: 2002 Junior: Bergamo).
Ziegler, E. & Balla, D. (eds). (1982). Mental retardation: the developmental – difference controversy. Erlbaum: Hillsdale
Ziegler, E. & Hodapp, R. M. (1986). Understanding mental retardation. Cambridge University Press: New York
Elliott, T. R., Kurylo, M., & Rivera, P. (2002). Positive Growth Following Acquired Physical Disability. In Snyder, C. R., Lopez, Shane J. (Eds). Handbook of positive psychology. (pp. 687-698). Oxford University Press: New York
Albrecht, G.L., Devlieger, P.J. (1999). The disability paradox: high quality of life against all odds.
Social Science & Medicine, 48 (8), 977-88
Csikzentmihalyi, M. (1975;2000). Beyond boredom and anxiety. Jossey-Bass: San Francisco.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78
Ryan, R.M. & Connell, J.P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining
reasons for acting in two domains, Journal of personality and social psychology, 57, 749-761
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.
Ryan, R.M. Huta V & Deci E.L. (2008). Living well: a self - determination theory perspective on eudaimonia. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 139-170
Finlay, W.M.L., Lyons, E. (2001). Methodological issues in interviewing and using self-report questionnaires with people with mental retardation. Psychological Assessment.
Ziegler, E. & Bennet-Gates, D., (1999) Personality in individuals with mental retardation. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. (Italian Eds: 2002 Junior: Bergamo).
Delle Fave, A., Massimini, F. & Bassi, M. (2011). Psychological Selection and Optimal Experience Across Cultures: Social Empowerment through Personal Growth. Springer: Berlin
Graesser, A. C., & D’Mello, S. (2012). Emotions during the learning of difficult material. In B. H. Ross (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (pp. 183–225). Elsevier Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394293-7.00005-4
Csikzentmihalyi, M. (1975;2000). Beyond boredom and anxiety. Jossey-Bass: San Francisco.
Idem
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum: New York.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227-268
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78
Delle Fave, A., Massimini, F. & Bassi, M. (2011). Psychological Selection and Optimal Experience Across Cultures: Social Empowerment through Personal Growth. Springer: Berlin.



