Environmental impact and physicochemical assessment of biodiesel-diesel blends (B6 and B8) in accordance with European standards

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the environmental impact of biodiesel as an alternative fuel and to analyze the physicochemical characteristics of biodiesel–diesel blends B6 and B8, with the objective of verifying their compliance with European standards and evaluating their suitability for use in existing diesel engines without technical modifications. Methods: The study was conducted on two biodiesel–diesel blend samples, namely B6 (6% biodiesel and 94% diesel) and B8 (8% biodiesel and 92% diesel), collected from different fuel distribution stations. Lab- oratory analyses were carried out in accordance with European standard methods and included the determination of flash point, kinematic viscosity at 40 °C, density at 15 °C, and vacuum distillation characteristics. Discussion: The results indicate that increasing the biodiesel content in the blends is associated with an increase in flash point and kinematic viscosity, thereby improving fuel handling safety and lubricating properties. Density and distillation parameters remain within the limits established by European standards, showing only minor variations compared to conventional diesel fuel. From an environmental perspective, bio- diesel contributes to a reduction in pollutant emissions. Conclusions: Based on the analyses performed, biodiesel–diesel blends B6 and B8 meet the physicochemical require- ments of European standards and demonstrate full compatibility with the technical requirements for use in existing diesel engines. The results confirm that biodiesel represents a sustainable, safe, and viable alternative for reducing the environmental impact of the transport sector, offering significant potential for expanded use in European and regional markets.