Exploring the protective effects of botanical antioxidants against UV-induced skin damage
Abstract
The concept of systemic photoprotection through dietary means is gaining attention. The skin is continu- ously exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, a primary cause of skin disorders such as sunburn, photodam- age, and nonmelanoma skin cancer. Solar UV radiation initiates photo-oxidative reactions that impair antioxidant defenses and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the skin. When ROS generation overwhelms the skin’s antioxidant capacity, the ability to counteract damage is compromised. Excessive UV exposure, particularly UVB, leads to skin disorders including erythema, edema, inflammation, hyper- pigmentation, immunosuppression, skin cancers, and photoaging. To mitigate these effects, antioxidants can be administered through dietary sources, a process known as photochemoprevention. This study employed observational approaches to evaluate the protective effects of selected botanical antioxidants against UV-induced skin damage in individuals with varying dietary habits.Parole chiave:
photodamage, botanical antioxidants, photochemoprevention, skin protection, UV radiationDownloads
Riferimenti bibliografici
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Alaluf, S., U. Heinrich, W. Stahl, H. Tronnier, and S. Wiseman. 2002. “Dietary carotenoids contribute to normal human skin color and UV photosensitivity.” J. Nutr. 132:399–403.
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Albanes, D., O. P. Heinonen, P. R. Taylor, J. Virtamo, B. K. Edwards, et al. 1996. “Alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements and lung cancer incidence in the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study: effects of baseline characteristics and study compliance.” J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 88:1560–1570.
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Andreassi, L., M. L. Flori, and P. Rubegni. 1999. “Sun and skin: role of phototype and skin colour.” Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 455:469–475.
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Anstey, A. V. 2002. “Systemic photoprotection with alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) and beta-carotene.” Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 27:170–176.
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Armstrong, B. K., and A. Kricker. 2001. “The epidemiology of UV-induced skin cancer.” J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 63:8–18.
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Aust, O., N. Ale-Agha, L. Zhang, H. Wollersen, H. Sies, and W. Stahl. 2003. “Lycopene oxidation product enhances gap junctional communication.” Food Chem. Toxicol. 41:1399–1407.
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Baron, J. A., J. S. Bertram, G. Britton, E. Buiatti, S. De Flora, et al. 1998. IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention: Carotenoids. Vol. 2. Lyon, France: IARC.
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Barthelman, M., W. B. Bair III, K. K. Stickland, W. Chen, B. N. Timmermann, et al. 1998. “(−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibition of ultraviolet B-induced AP-1 activity.” Carcinogenesis 19:2201–2204.
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Bech-Thomsen, N., and H. C. Wulf. 1992. “Sunbathers’ application of sunscreen is probably inadequate to obtain the sun protection factor assigned to the preparation.” Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 9:242–244.
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Berneburg, M., S. Grether-Beck, V. Kurten, T. Ruzicka, K. Briviba, et al. 1999. “Singlet oxygen mediates the UVA-induced generation of the photoaging-associated mitochondrial common deletion.” J. Biol. Chem. 274:15345–15349.
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Berneburg, M., and J. Krutmann. 2000. “Photoimmunology, DNA repair and photocarcinogenesis.” J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 54:87–93.
-
Bertram, J. S. 1999. “Carotenoids and gene regulation.” Nutr. Rev. 57:182–191.
-
Bertram, J. S., T. King, L. Fukishima, and F. Khachik. 2000. “Enhanced activity of an oxidation product of lycopene found in tomato products and human serum relevant to cancer prevention.” In Antioxidant and Redox Regulation of Genes, edited by C. K. Sen, H. Sies, and P. A. Baeuerle, 409–424. London: Academic Press.
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Biesalski, H. K., and U. C. Obermüller-Jevic. 2001. “UV light, beta-carotene and human skin—beneficial and potentially harmful effects.” Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 389:1–6.
-
Birt, D. F., D. Mitchell, B. Gold, P. Pour, and H. C. Pinch. 1997. “Inhibition of ultraviolet light-induced skin carcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice by apigenin, a plant flavonoid.” Anticancer Res. 17:85–91.
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Black, H. S. 1998. “Influence of dietary factors on actinically induced skin cancer.” Mutat. Res. 422:185–190.
-
Black, H. S., J. A. Herd, L. H. Goldberg, J. E. Wolf Jr., J. I. Thornby, et al. 1994. “Effect of a low-fat diet on the incidence of actinic keratosis.” N. Engl. J. Med. 330:1272–1275.
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Jemal, A., R. Siegel, E. Ward, Y. Hao, J. Xu, T. Murray, and M. J. Thun. 2008. “Cancer statistics, 2008.” CA Cancer J. Clin. 58:71–96.
-
Afaq, F., and H. Mukhtar. 2006. “Botanical antioxidants in the prevention of photocarcinogenesis and photoaging.” Exp. Dermatol. 15:678–684.
-
Phan, T. A., G. M. Halliday, R. S. Barnetson, and D. L. Damian. 2006. “Spectral and dose dependence of ultraviolet radiation-induced immunosuppression.” Front. Biosci. 11:394–411.
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Schwarz, A., A. Maeda, D. Gan, T. Mammone, M. S. Matsui, and T. Schwarz. 2008. “Green tea phenol extracts reduce UVB-induced DNA damage in human cells via interleukin-12.” Photochem. Photobiol. 84:350–355.
Riferimenti bibliografici
Alaluf, S., U. Heinrich, W. Stahl, H. Tronnier, and S. Wiseman. 2002. “Dietary carotenoids contribute to normal human skin color and UV photosensitivity.” J. Nutr. 132:399–403.
Albanes, D., O. P. Heinonen, P. R. Taylor, J. Virtamo, B. K. Edwards, et al. 1996. “Alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements and lung cancer incidence in the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study: effects of baseline characteristics and study compliance.” J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 88:1560–1570.
Andreassi, L., M. L. Flori, and P. Rubegni. 1999. “Sun and skin: role of phototype and skin colour.” Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 455:469–475.
Anstey, A. V. 2002. “Systemic photoprotection with alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) and beta-carotene.” Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 27:170–176.
Armstrong, B. K., and A. Kricker. 2001. “The epidemiology of UV-induced skin cancer.” J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 63:8–18.
Aust, O., N. Ale-Agha, L. Zhang, H. Wollersen, H. Sies, and W. Stahl. 2003. “Lycopene oxidation product enhances gap junctional communication.” Food Chem. Toxicol. 41:1399–1407.
Baron, J. A., J. S. Bertram, G. Britton, E. Buiatti, S. De Flora, et al. 1998. IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention: Carotenoids. Vol. 2. Lyon, France: IARC.
Barthelman, M., W. B. Bair III, K. K. Stickland, W. Chen, B. N. Timmermann, et al. 1998. “(−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibition of ultraviolet B-induced AP-1 activity.” Carcinogenesis 19:2201–2204.
Bech-Thomsen, N., and H. C. Wulf. 1992. “Sunbathers’ application of sunscreen is probably inadequate to obtain the sun protection factor assigned to the preparation.” Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 9:242–244.
Berneburg, M., S. Grether-Beck, V. Kurten, T. Ruzicka, K. Briviba, et al. 1999. “Singlet oxygen mediates the UVA-induced generation of the photoaging-associated mitochondrial common deletion.” J. Biol. Chem. 274:15345–15349.
Berneburg, M., and J. Krutmann. 2000. “Photoimmunology, DNA repair and photocarcinogenesis.” J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 54:87–93.
Bertram, J. S. 1999. “Carotenoids and gene regulation.” Nutr. Rev. 57:182–191.
Bertram, J. S., T. King, L. Fukishima, and F. Khachik. 2000. “Enhanced activity of an oxidation product of lycopene found in tomato products and human serum relevant to cancer prevention.” In Antioxidant and Redox Regulation of Genes, edited by C. K. Sen, H. Sies, and P. A. Baeuerle, 409–424. London: Academic Press.
Biesalski, H. K., and U. C. Obermüller-Jevic. 2001. “UV light, beta-carotene and human skin—beneficial and potentially harmful effects.” Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 389:1–6.
Birt, D. F., D. Mitchell, B. Gold, P. Pour, and H. C. Pinch. 1997. “Inhibition of ultraviolet light-induced skin carcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice by apigenin, a plant flavonoid.” Anticancer Res. 17:85–91.
Black, H. S. 1998. “Influence of dietary factors on actinically induced skin cancer.” Mutat. Res. 422:185–190.
Black, H. S., J. A. Herd, L. H. Goldberg, J. E. Wolf Jr., J. I. Thornby, et al. 1994. “Effect of a low-fat diet on the incidence of actinic keratosis.” N. Engl. J. Med. 330:1272–1275.
Jemal, A., R. Siegel, E. Ward, Y. Hao, J. Xu, T. Murray, and M. J. Thun. 2008. “Cancer statistics, 2008.” CA Cancer J. Clin. 58:71–96.
Afaq, F., and H. Mukhtar. 2006. “Botanical antioxidants in the prevention of photocarcinogenesis and photoaging.” Exp. Dermatol. 15:678–684.
Phan, T. A., G. M. Halliday, R. S. Barnetson, and D. L. Damian. 2006. “Spectral and dose dependence of ultraviolet radiation-induced immunosuppression.” Front. Biosci. 11:394–411.
Schwarz, A., A. Maeda, D. Gan, T. Mammone, M. S. Matsui, and T. Schwarz. 2008. “Green tea phenol extracts reduce UVB-induced DNA damage in human cells via interleukin-12.” Photochem. Photobiol. 84:350–355.
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