The linguistic calques in Ernest Koliqi’s "Shija e bukës së mbrûme" novel

Abstract

The essay examines the linguistic calques in Ernest Koliqi’s “Shija e k s s û ” novel, following a similar study on the two novellas “Hija a ” e “T gtá f a js ” by the same author. The survey of the study on the calque ends focusing on the model language, Italian, which has been and still is the most important linguistic referent for the Albanian language with regards to the coinage of numerous neologisms. On the basis of typology, the study focuses on the structural calque with specific reference to perfect structural calque and imperfect structural calque. For practical purposes, these categories are divided into derivational calque and compositional calque, both studied analytically. The specular categorical classification, in the two languages, is accompanied by the identification and characterization of the differences realization of the calque in the target language. Also phrasal calques are divided into perfect and imperfect and the difference in typology of phraseological units with co-occurrences (ie, collocations) is evidenced. Neologisms in this category involving Italian loans, already acquired and stabilized, constitute a separate group. The syntactic calques found are few, they are not established and do not affect the structure of the Albanian language. The semantic calques are largely a result of enlargement of the meanings with the figurative use of terms that are already synonymical in the two languages. The phenomenon of linguistic calque in the novel is primarily concerned with the grammatical categories of the name, the adjective and the adverb. In addition to common headwords, Koliqi introduces in Albanian language neologisms of medical, biological, religious, literary and academic terminology.